Early Machine Technology

"Because art is able to defeat man in those
things in which man is defeated by nature"
[H Zeising]

'Theatri Machinarum..' (?1612-1614) by Heinrich Zeising is available from the Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library at Cornell University. The site has had a redesign since I last visited and now includes an "open collection of mechanical models and related resources for studying and teaching the principles of kinematics" wikipage.

Little is known about Zeising. His 'Theatri Machinarum' belongs to the tradition of technical machine manuals (known as the 'Theatre of Machines') published in the 16th to 18th centuries. At least part of this book was copied/modified from earlier works by Besson, Zonca and Ramelli which in turn were influenced by classic publications by Agricola and Vitruvius.

The engravings in Zeising's work (by Andreas Bretschneider and the publisher Henning Grosse, with some after designs by Zeising himself) do not have the same artistic quality as those in the earlier machine manuals. However, this reduced the printing costs, and, as Zeising included more in the way of explanatory text, he played a significant role in circulating and promoting the technological designs of the Renaissance - at times a little fanciful but always inspirational - in Germany. His manual includes engineering designs for book presses, water wheels, fountains, complex rope and pulley systems for many weight lifting systems, mobile bridges and rampart scaling devices, among others.

• The machine posts in the archives display many examples from the major architecture - engineer - fortifications specialists that contributed to the 'Theatre of Machines' genre, together with many background reading links.
• There are precious few references to Zeising online. See: one, two, three and, most significantly, George Goodall's posts mentioning Zeisging.
• George's 'Diffusion of the Theatrum Machinarum' machine gallery at Facetation.
• UPDATE: (July '09): HAB have uploaded what appear to be two sections of 'Theatri Machinarum' (probably 2 from the 6 George mentions in the comments below). The Cornell version is better image quality, although I have not had a close look at these new books: ONE, TWO
  

Artillery Firepower

Cod.icon. 232 -- 'Kunst- und Artillerie-Buch' -- is available from the Bavarian State Library in Munich (click 'Miniaturansicht' for thumbnail views). I suppose half or more of the illustrated pages appear above [slightly spot-cleaned].

This folio manuscript was produced prior to 1622 and is attributed to Hans Georg Schirvatt. It may possibly have been made in Prague (it bears their Coat of Arms). The very small amount of background information suggests that it was an expensive work because gold highlighting was employed in some of the illustrations (or so they say: I can't see it).

The manuscript features some decidedly evil weaponry - shrapnel-filled grenades, grenade spears, bee-swarm baskets, barbed bombs and vessels for flinging explosive materials - that were no doubt used in the Thirty Years War that had begun in 1618. [catalogue page -- trans.]

Previously: Combat.
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